Transformational Leadership Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Transformational Leadership - Essay Example As the study stresses organizational culture is the basic pattern of shared assumptions, values and beliefs considered to be the correct way of thinking about and acting on the problems and opportunities facing the organizations. It defines what is important and unimportant for the company. You may think of it as an organization’s DNA—invisible to the naked eye, yet a powerful template that shapes what happens in the workplace. According to the report findings an organization’s cultural beliefs and values are somewhat easier to decipher than assumptions because people are aware of them. Beliefs represent the individual’s perceptions of reality. Values are more stable, long-lasting beliefs about what is important. They help us define what is right and wrong, or good or bad in the world. Although theorists acknowledge that leadership occurs at all levels of the organization and that the impact of all leaders contributes to organizational performance, a fascination has always existed with the larger-than-life, earth-shaking leaders who do more than transact the mundane concerns of everyday activity. These are the leaders who foment revolutions in politics or commerce and divert the streams of history. Despite the glamour of heroic leadership and the long-standing interest of social philosophers in the subject, the scientific literature largely ignored the topic until quite recently. Research expl ained the dearth of research by pointing to three problems inherent in this area of study.

Managing Oneself by Peter Drucker Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words - 1

Managing Oneself by Peter Drucker - Essay Example Now, each individual must assess one’s own strengths and working style and match them with potential opportunities of work to find the best fit. In addition, it is important to see if personal values clash with the organization’s value system. Finally, it is important to understand that today’s work environment is a two-way street and that the worker needs to continually see how he or she can contribute positively while communicating well with colleagues. Identifying one’s strengths is a tricky business. People imagine they know what they are good or bad at but they are mostly wrong. Drucker suggests using the feedback analysis to assess one’s strengths by noting expected results at every decision point and then matching them with actual results several months later. Through continued use of this method and assessing the results, it is possible to eventually filter out areas where one is not good at and also to identify the strong areas of oneâ€⠄¢s personality. It is important then to concentrate on improve on one’s strengths and fill gaps in knowledge. In the process, one must differentiate between being intelligent and being knowledgeable. A lot of times, intelligent people place barriers upon themselves against gaining knowledge or communicating with others. Feedback will also reveal areas of improvement by showing why certain bad habits result in unexpected results. Assessment of these factors and strengths can allow one to decide on which type of job one is suited for. The next step is to identify one’s own working style and see if the organization offers a conducive environment for such a style. For example, it is important to know whether one is a listener or a reader – meaning whether it is easier to assimilate information by listening to people or by reading it. President Lyndon Johnson made the mistake of keeping President Kennedy’s staff who prepared briefs for him before any  meeti ng.  

The Importance Of Organizational Structure And Power And Communication Lines Business Essay

The Importance Of Organizational Structure And Power And Communication Lines Business Essay Organizational structure refers to the general level, an organization in which its power and communication lines, and the allocation of rights and obligations. Organizational structure determines the manner and extent of the role, powers and devolution of responsibilities, control and coordination of information, and how to manage flows between levels.  A structure depends entirely on the organizations goals and choices to achieve these strategies. In a centralized structure, decision-making power concentrated in the upper management and strict control of the department and in the exercise. In the decentralized structure, the allocation of decision-making and the various departments and sectors have different degrees of autonomy. The importance of including an organizational structure to help business owners, CEOs and entrepreneurs to the conceptualization, visualization, hierarchical system is to build their organization and implementation. For example, a part of the organizational structure, including: command, control, departmentalization, span the distribution of power, height, and organizations. The first is the command system is a chain of command involved in the organizational structure, identify and define: jobs, who make decisions and who is responsible for various duties. The second is to control the amplitude is the control of the staff to identify and quantify the actual amount of supervision of the manager. The third is in the department of a departments organizational structure is divided into functional departments (such as sales) by the specific task of structural parts. Determine which activities, tasks and talents will be grouped in order to achieve the best goal of the origin of the so-called process of the department. Fourth, the power distribution authority is deciding whether to allocate decision-making power concentrated in a few high-level bureaucrats often to see the number of shares and the closet or the tasks of various departments and their corresponding decentralized authority. The fifth is a high degree of organization is the organization defined the high many departments, departments, and the highest level between the layers and the tissue level is the lowest 1.2 Body Jia Jia   company   is a one-stop event management company dedicated to providing our customers the best choice at competitive prices. All you can expect to experience an unforgettable event, we customize and perfect just for your company annual dinner, theme parties, product launches, family days, company outing,   show , and other . Event management is a project management application to create and festivals, activities and the development of the meeting. Event management studies involving the complexity of the brand, target audience, develop the event concept, logistics planning and coordination before the actual implementation, the way the event the technical issues. Hindsight, and to ensure return on investment, has become a major industry event-driven process. My company name is Jia Jia .Jia Jia company   is a one-stop event management company . We customize and perfect just for your company annual dinner,   product launches and family days. When the time at the dinner, we company will prepared many activity for example live entertainment show, professional emcee or TV personality emcee , Mobile Disco and Deejay Services, Mobile Karaoke Services , Sound Lighting System Rental , Sourcing of Corporate Gift as door gift , Theme Party Suggestion, Special Design Backdrop Ballroom Decoration, Game   Show, Venue Booking, Event Coordination ,Ballroom Decoration. When the time at the   exhibition display system, conference and exhibition services .We provide conference and exhibition services, conference and exhibition display services, conference and exhibition display system, conference and exhibition design services, exhibition booth rental services, exhibition shell scheme system, conference and exhibition equipment and   penal system, exhibition truss display system, exhibition pop up display system, exhibition roll up banner stand and exhibition furniture rental system . When at the family party we will prepared activity   for example Tele-match Games with 4 tracks this need   7 to 10 games for adults and 4 to 5 games for children . Childrens contest is coloring contest and drawing contest . We also have help   prepared food and beverages for example packed food and buffet . In my company department have marketing departments and Human Resources, Finance and Operations. These departments is very important for a company and control the company. Marketing Department is responsible for promoting the use of our services, human resources tend to control the main staff resources. Financial sector, it obtained the coordination and management of financial resources. Combined to provide services directly related to business activities. They also have an important role in our company. In organizational structure have four type is entrepreneurial structure ,functional structure , divisional structure and matrix structure. Definition   matrix structure is employees are features and products. This structure can combine the best of these two independent structures. Definition functional structure within the organization for employees of specific job . Definition divisional structure is classify into three areas: product, market, and geographic. Definition entrepreneurial structure is restructuring and entrepreneurial activities, management and the appropriate procedures to obtain the necessary flexibility, speed, creativity and dynamic role in a specific profit opportunities . Functional organization is built around job function. This type of business structure for small to medium sized enterprises do not have the product or   production requirements of a wide range of uses. Matrix   structure is organized, as its name indicates, by area or region. Each area is full of its own entity, with the goal line in the enterprises overall goals. Usually have a regional manager of the operations, who reports to the headquarters, but otherwise full responsibility for the regional units. Chart above shows the geographical structure of a North American example. The same can be applied in the international arena, in the mainland or subcontinents the division. Car manufacturers and multinational fast food chains tend to follow the corporate organizational structure. In some cases, the product will remain unchanged, all regions, while in other cases, a product may be slightly modified or new products to meet local needs. Divisional structure lend well to organizations such as department stores and supermarkets. When these organizations operate in multiple areas, geographic and product mix between the organizational structure is appropriate. Entrepreneurial   structure is often a medium-sized and large organizations, have sufficient resources to the proper use of the structure. My company is a medium size. My company use structure is functional structure   , because it has a very clear chart department for medium-sized companies. My organization have three event only , so you can easily control the use of the functional structure. Here is my companys structure:   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Functional structure I choose this structure reason is skills development, coherent chain, quick decision-making, qualified supervision, professional results . Advantages of functional structure Skills development is a function of the organizational structure of the benefit is that its a positive atmosphere to provide for skills development. As a function of the structure group of people requires skills performing similar tasks, or a more experienced team members as a good example and mentor less experienced individuals. This resulted in sustained growth, from simple daily communication organization development, and special seminars or workshops without dependence, improve the quality of a department to carry out. Coherent chain of command is the functional structure of an organization to establish a very specific chain of command. For example, a photo and graphic design department may belong to the visual arts department of a large company a market in a department under the Ministrys jurisdiction. A clear chain of command is important because it creates the standard operating procedures, the establishment and strengthening of accountability consequences. In turn, the productivity in a more professional basis.   Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   Quick decision-making functions in the organization structure, you can speed up the decision-making process. Typically, group decision making can be slow, because the different perspectives involved projects. Although people still have different functional structure of the angle, similar to the professional and educational background to provide more in common than not, in theory, decision-making process has become easier to navigate. In addition, the level of benefit more streamlined decision-making authority, which requires far less than most of the time consideration. Qualified supervision is the functional structure for the participants with a very specific career ladder. Therefore, the individual to achieve a supervisory role more likely to have had the task, they are assessing the experience of their staff. This allows them to better understand and credibility, they make evaluations and allow them to provide more constructive feedback, because they have a personal assessment of the implementation of the work to be first-hand knowledge. Professional results is because everyone is in the functional structure of work in an area of à ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹Ãƒ ¢Ã¢â€š ¬Ã¢â‚¬ ¹expertise with peers similar , their contribution to the overall objectives of the company or organization will be more professional. Different members of the team greatly in different capacities as a graphic designer, worked in the functional structure of group members in similar areas of expertise, and can push each other to a higher realm of copy. As the saying goes, steel mill steel, colleagues in the function and structure can enhance each others skills. Disadvantages of functional structure , the functions are independent, in any area beyond its own capabilities to understand or care staff rarely caused. This does not make a whole company and its future prospects. This separation caused by communication and full cooperation and coordination of some of the obstacles, individual focus not a companys business focus, there is no way the structure of things as a company, every process in different functional areas and professional of the function is not allowed in the field of management of the Company or other specific areas of broad prospects. 1.3 Conclusion The reason of choosing this function is structure skills development. It is a function of the organizational structure of the benefit is that its a positive atmosphere to provide for skills development. Quick decision-making functions in the organization structure, you can speed up the decision-making process. In my recommendation on countering the weakness is add more activities or party and annual dinner for all department and all employee held this activities can improve the relationship among employees

Relationship between the Individual and Nature in The Open Boat :: Open Boat Essays

Relationship between the Individual and Nature in "The Open Boat"  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚  Ã‚   From the beginning, the four characters in the aftermath of a shipwreck do not know "the colour of the sky" but all of them know "the colours of the sea."   This opening strongly suggests the symbolic situations in which human beings are located in the universe.   The sky personifies the mysterious, inconceivable cause of reality , which humans cannot understand, and the sea symbolizes the earthy, mundane phenomenon, which humans are supposed to perceive.   The symbolic picture generated by the above conflict implies the overall relationship between the individual and nature.  Ã‚   In fact, the daily life of human beings is at the mercy of the uncontrollable waves of the sea; while, at the same time, the essential part of reality remains unknown to feeble, helpless humans. The human voyage into life is basically feeble, vulnerable, uncontrollable.   Since the crew on a dangerous sea without hope are depicted as "the babes of the sea", it can be inferred that we are likely to be ignorant strangers in the universe.   In addition to the danger we face, we have to also overcome the new challenges of the waves in the daily life.   These waves are "most wrongfully and barbarously abrupt and tall", requiring "a new leap, and a leap."   Therefore, the incessant troubles arising from human conditions often bring about unpredictable crises as "shipwrecks are apropos of nothing."   The tiny "open boat", which characters desperately cling to, signifies the weak, helpless, and vulnerable conditions of human life since it is deprived of other protection due to the shipwreck.   The "open boat" also accentuates the "open suggestion of hopelessness" amid the wild waves of life.   The crew of the boat perceive their precarious fate as "preposterous" and "a bsurd" so much so that they can feel the "tragic" aspect and "coldness of the water."  Ã‚   At this point, the question of why they are forced to be "dragged away" and to "nibble the sacred cheese of life" raises a meaningful issue over life itself.   This pessimistic view of life reflects the helpless human condition as well as the limitation of human life. In line with the feeble and vulnerable portrait of human beings, nature is described as dangerous and uncontrollable on the one hand; beautiful on the other.   The tone of the waves is "thunderous and mighty" and the gulls are looked upon as "uncanny and sinister.

The Uncommon Soldier

U. S. Women’s History 10/19/12 An Uncommon Soldier: Fighting for the â€Å"Home† Front Throughout the passage of time, in order to make sense of the world and justify established ideologies, man has put forth disproportionate effort into defining what is deemed by the masses as acceptable and appropriate. With the formation of these social life requirements, it goes without saying there will be outliers who do not fit this man-created construct, either by innate or self-realized characteristics. This social restraint is undoubtedly the source of much emotional turmoil and unrest.Here is where Sarah Rosetta Wakeman’s story begins. As a white, American woman born in the 1800’s, Wakeman’s scope of â€Å"acceptable† life directions was very limited, and much can be said about how she dealt with the obstacles created by the aforementioned social constraints. Wakeman’s decision to leave home, and assume the characteristics of a man, was more out of a sense of familial duty than an outward expression of suppressed sexual identity. In order to better understand Sarah’s motivation one must first analyze her childhood and the environmental factors which molded her.Born on January 16, 1843, in what would become Afton, New York, to Harvey and Emily Wakeman, Sarah Rosetta Wakeman was the eldest of 9 children, seven of whom were female. To Harvey and Emily’s dismay, Sarah and her two siblings that followed were all female, which was less than to be desired during the era. Sarah was nearly nine years old before Emily was able to give Harvey a son (Burgess, 101). At that time, children were expected to begin helping the parents by contributing as soon as there was work compatible and â€Å"appropriate† for their age and gender.This is how Sarah’s transformation was necessitated. To understand these driving forces in more depth, one must take a look at the role Sarah played in her home life. Sarah†™s dad, Harvey, found the easiest way to support his family, as many did during this time, was through agriculture. The amount of work required to be successful in that endeavor during that time period, far exceeded the capabilities of one man. Since they were in the north, the possibility of slave labor was nonexistent, so as was customary of most family farms from the period, Harvey attempted to create an army of his own metaphorical laves, his children. With her innate familial duty and lack of male siblings, Sarah had no choice but to step up. While the letters do not technically say that she played a large role in what would have been considered male gendered labor, Burgess as well as other historians, are left to speculate based upon her communications with her father, â€Å"†¦ Rosetta’s high level of interest in her father’s farming, her knowledge of the details of the family farm, and her desire to own her own farm after the war are evidence that she se rved as her father’s farmhand,† (Burgess, 9).This knowledge and desire were attributes associated with being male and not seen as traits a woman could or should possess. Working the farm alongside her father had more life-altering implications than can be determined without further dissection. While most professions today are not gendered, farm work is still connotated to be in the male domain, as the work is strenuous and more physically demanding than most. If 150 years later, even after the advent of modern technology, it is still considered to be a gendered role, one can only imagine the psychological toll this upbringing played on her identity (Chambers, 10/19/12).After years of transitioning between her societal gender role and the gender role made necessary by her family, the delineation became less distinct. The manual labor sculpted Sarah, instilling in her a â€Å"man’s† work ethic, as well as diminishing the strength of her more feminine qualiti es, while amplifying those characteristics associated with the male gender (Chambers, 10/19/12). Her transformation into a man was a process that began there as a child, doing what was necessary to help her family. This established precedent of doing what is necessary sets the stage for her future endeavors.One major benefit of having a female child, during this period, was that once the girl was of age and could be married off, usually around their early teens, they were no longer the financial burden of the family. â€Å"At 19 years of age, Rosetta appeared to have no prospects for marriage, which would have relieved the family of her care,† (Burgess, 9). As the eldest child, with the most responsibility, she understood better than her siblings how her not getting married off was detrimental to the advancement of her family.By the time she had reached this point in her life, her brother Robert was old enough to start working the land alongside Harvey, filling the void Sarah had been filling her entire life. Around the same time that Sarah began to lose her utility at home, Harvey brought the family into some financial turmoil with a hefty debt. After having filled the role as a major contributor and gaining the sense of fatherly duty in caring for the family, Sarah arrived at an impasse.In her mind, the family was still financially dependent upon her, yet â€Å"†¦ her farm work would have been of limited value in paying her father’s debt, and her work as a domestic could not have paid enough to substantially assist her family,† (Burgess, 9). The ways in which she had previously been aiding her family were no longer sufficient. It was at this point in Sarah’s life that she made the conscious decision to go against the confines of society, which would ultimately lead to both her demise as well as her post-mortem fame.Her decision to assume the gender role of a man was a thoroughly calculated one, â€Å"Rosetta realized that on e of the only ways open to finding an honorable position that paid enough for her to assist her indebted family was by dressing and acting the part of a man,† (Burgess, 9). This transition was not the leap it would have been for most women put into her situation, as she had been unknowingly preparing for this her entire life. With her newly realized gender, she would be able to remove her burden from the family, and further benefit them by providing a means to alleviate her father’s debt.Sarah took on a male role with the purpose of finding a job that paid a man’s salary, for it was only as a man that she would be able to make a significant difference. When she first left home in August of 1862, she began working at a coal barge doing manual labor. Similarly to the work she did with Harvey, the job was very physically taxing and further strengthened her work ethic. If Sarah had set out to become a man with any intention other than to support her family then she w ould have most likely stayed there where she was earning enough to be self-sufficient.However her goal was not to become a man, but to do her part for her family. As a result of that, when she was given the opportunity to make a significant difference, at sever personal risk, for her family, she took it. This opportunity presented itself when soldiers from the 153rd Regiment recruited her. â€Å"The $152. 00 bounty offered to enlistees in the 153rd was over a year’s wages to even the ‘male’ Rosetta,† (Burgess, 10). Had Sarah not decided to go out and find work as a man, there would have been no chance of her earning that kind of money, especially not all at once.In addition to the initial lump sum, as a soldier she could guarantee a steady flow of money to her family. In fact she even said, â€Å"I am getting 13 dollars per month, I will send part of it home to you,† which shows that she is doing all possible to keep money going to her family. Witho ut the motivation to earn for her family, there would have been no benefits to her enlisting. More proof that Sarah took on the male role to provide for her family appear in her letters.Many of the letter she sent to her family contained money intended for the family, â€Å"When I send you money I want you to lay it out for the family,† (6/5/1863, Burgess, 31). This clearly shows the money she sent back was for the purpose of supporting the family. It also indicates that she was not sending them money for any reason but benefitting the family. She strongly expresses that point by specifically allocating the funds in several of her letters. In modern times, most people who trade gender roles do it for reasons of sexual expression, whereas Sarah was not sexually confused.This is evidenced most strongly by her relationship with Alfonzo Stewart. Alfonzo Stewart was a ranch hand that worked with Harvey on the farm. Their relationship, if one did truly exist, would have been kept s ecret as he was 25 years older (Chambers, 10/19/12). This is another contrast, between 19th century and 21st century America, because of the fact that a 25 year age difference today is not unheard of, whereas Sarah and Alfonzo’s relationship would have been prohibited. More evidence suggesting Sarah’s heterosexual nature is presented in her letter home on the 19th of June, 1863.While this is not the first letter bringing up Alfonzo, it is the first one that emphasizes her emotional investment in him. It is in this letter than she refers to him by a nickname. She writes,â€Å" †¦ let me know all about farming and how long do you intend to keep Fony, (June 19, 1863, Burgess, 32). While this does not directly prove that there was a sexual relationship taking place, it does suggest that there was, at very least, a strong enough closeness to have special names for each other. The pet name is not the extent of the evidence supporting this claim.In a previous letter, Sa rah mentions Alfonzo in a flirting manner stating, â€Å"Tell me all about Alfonzo. Tell him that I can make the best soldier than he would,† (June 5, 1863, Burgess, 32). This is a prime example of primitive flirting as Sarah’s intent was to tease Alfonzo, and ensure that she was still in his thoughts. Sarah Rosetta Wakeman is the truest definition of a hero. She did whatever it took, and sacrificed everything to take care of her family. Having no brothers old enough to work the field, Sarah began playing the part of a man by working alongside her father on their farm.From that time on, her characteristics only developed more to fit the male role. When she turned 19 she was forced to make the biggest decision, her own identity. She chose to leave home, as a man, to find work to support her family. Contrary to the ideologies behind gender-crossing today, Sarah Rosetta Wakeman’s transformation was not to express suppressed sexual identity, but rather to ensure she would be able to provide for her family and continue her role as a parental figure.

Managing for Organizational Integrity Essay

This article by Lynn Sharp Paine addresses the necessary and often overlooked relationship between business management and ethics. With most managers focused on bottom line results, the concept of ethics is often lost in rushed daily decisions or is not considered at all. But as the article suggests, a clear commitment to integrity-based management can not only avoid unnecessary legal complications in the courts but can strengthen business operations in times of stress and uncertainty, precisely the occasions where ethics are tested by exigent circumstances. Some CEOs and business models concentrate their ethics evaluations on the most obvious parts of the organization, such as departments like compensation committees where individuals with poor integrity can cause great harm. However, greater attention should be placed to all parts of the organization from executive management down to the retail sales floor. As was noted during the analysis of the Beech-Nut apple juice case study, many individuals within the organization knew of substantial problems with the product but were afraid of being considered â€Å"Chicken Littles† if concerns were raised within the firm. The subsequent legal settlements and damage to the reputation of the company only reinforces the rule that ethics should be universally viewed as important within all parts of the organization chain and not merely a quaint or outdated theoretical consideration. The framework of an integrity compliance program cannot merely ask the simple question â€Å"If it’s legal, it’s ethical† and move on. Many professional actions and business procedures are lawful but not in the company’s best interests to perform since they are viewed as either unethical or intentionally negligent. An excellent illustration of this principle in action is the Solomon Brothers case study outlined in the text where four top officials of the firm failed to report wrongdoing by others. There was no law, regulation, or internal company policy that required this disclosure, suggesting that the behavior itself was not considered â€Å"unethical† in any way by society, the legislature, or even the firm’s own ethics committee. Nevertheless, the actions were considered as such by the  investing public and the Wall Street community that penalized the firm for its inaction in the face of misconduct. This case sets a clear standard that relying upon written ethics policies does not provide a clear safe harbor in case of potential misconduct. Put another way, just because an action is not expressly unethical according to some objective guide or measure does not make any specific behavior either ethical or even correct. An ethics compliance plan sounds like a reasonable solution to the problem of business ethics, but the issues are not that simple to solve with merely a board’s review of potential conflicts. Legal compliance, of course, is not the issue since all firms must comply with the law. A standard of ethical compliance suggests there is one ethical standard by which one can comply, a fact that is more true in the exception than the rule. A personal commitment to the highest ethics possible by visible business leaders and managers certainly is a prerequisite to any compliance plan. Another important goal should be the integration of ethics into the daily business model as seamlessly as possible to make these rules a constant reminder, in other words, not some distant academic rule to be avoided if possible but a clear path that guides retail decisions at all levels of the organization. A commitment to ethics management within a firm can reduce internal criminal misconduct and also provide a company with an added boost of public confidence and reliability. Moving away from lawyers making ethics decisions to having them assist in the formation of ethics consistent with legal practice is a superior solution because it changes the scope of the business decision process. By concentrating on ethics instead of legality makes the decision-making process fuzzier and more cumbersome since ethics are subjective and not bright light tested like most statutes which clearly delineate acceptable conduct from illegal ones. But a focus on ethics, especially through a visible and vocally supported ethics compliance program, can broaden the executive decision-making process from what is merely legal to what is morally correct. The public (and all judges and juries) expect business executives to have higher moral considerations that what is legal or what is not prohibited in a company employee handbook.

Stem Cell Research essays

Stem Cell Research essays Scientists have been injecting cells into the spinal cords of monkeys who have Lou Gehrigs- like disease. The point of this new experiment is to find out if stem cells in human embryos and fetuses can regrow healthy neutrons. If successful, it may be a way to treat Lou Gehrigs in humans. If it works then the FDA may one day let scientist test on desperate patients. Public funding would help to speed up the process of this testing and form of therapy. Anti-abortion activists say that it is immoral to use the cells from discarded embryos from abortion clinics. Both congress and President Bush say that taking cells from discarded embryos is wrong and should not be federally funded. The NIH says that they will only fund for research with already grown cells so that researchers never touch actual embryos. Even though congress and President Bush do not want funding for this scientists are eager to move forward with the testing. Hopkins and Harvard researchers tested this on parti! ally paralyzed mice who were dying and their life span dramatically increased. Snyder, one of the researchers says, Our job is to get the biology done. If we do our job correctly the story will be so compelling the government and the population will see this is biologically effective...and a lot of the ethical issues will simply go away. Were not going to have to keep going back and getting new embryos or fetuses. ...